Haplogroup M (mtDNA)

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In human genetics, Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro-haplogroup M is a branch of the African haplogroup L3, and is believed to have originated in Africa some 60 to 80,000 years before present.

The two haplogroups M and N are believed to represent the initial migration of modern humans out of Africa. Haplogroup M in particular represents the dispersal of modern humans into the Middle East and South Asia some 60 to 80,000 years ago along the southern Asian coastline.

Among the subgroups of M are M1, C, D, E, G, Q, and Z.

Owing to its great age, haplogroup M is one of those mtDNA lineages which does not correspond well to present-day racial groups, as it spans Siberian, East Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, South Asian, Melanesian as well as Ethiopian, Caucasian, and various Middle Eastern groups in lesser frequency.

References

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See also

• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
• Human mitochondrial genetics
• Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia

External links

• Spread of Haplogroup M, from National Geographic
• Tree of M haplogroup as for 2006
• The India Genealogical DNA Project
• Another tree emphasizing the Andamanese and Nicobarese populations in comparison with other peoples with high M presence
• K.Tharanghaj et al. In situ origin of deep rooting lineages of mitochondrial Macrohaplogroup M in India (PDF document)

Template:MtDNAcs:Haploskupina M (mtDNA)