Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
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In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. These haplogroups have led some researchers to trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread across the globe.
Known haplogroups are assigned the following letter codes: A, B, C, CZ, D, E, F, G, H, pre-HV, HV, I, J, pre-JT, JT, K, L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, UK, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
The woman at the root of all these groups was the most recent common matrilineal (female-lineage) ancestor of all living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve.
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Evolutionary relationship
Precise evolutionary relationships between human mitochondrial haplogroups are subject to academic debate.
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[edit] L0[edit] L1 and its descendants
[edit] Descendants of haplogroup L3[edit] Descendants of haplogroup M*
[edit] Descendants of haplogroup N*
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[edit] Descendants of haplogroup R
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Table form
Other forms
For a graphical depiction of haplogroup branching, see Vincent Macaulay's mtDNA haplogroup skeleton. Template:Ref
For information on the mutations which characterize each haplogroup, see the table of mtDNA haplogroup motifs. Template:Ref
See also
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Cambridge Reference Sequence
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- * (haplogroup)
- Molecular phylogeny
- Genetic genealogy
- Genealogical DNA test
- Hypervariable region
References
- Template:Note Mitochondrial haplogroup skeleton, by Vincent Macaulay
- Template:Note Mitochondrial haplogroup motifs, by Vincent Macaulay
External links
- mtDNA .pdf map
- Map of macro-haplogroup N by John S. Walden
- Indian maternal gene pool, Journal of Human Genetics
- The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape, American Journal of Human Genetics
- Do the Four Clades of the mtDNA Haplogroup L2 Evolve at Different Rates?, American Journal of Human Genetics
- The Matrilineal Ancestry of Ashkenazi Jewry: Portrait of a Recent Founder Event, American Journal of Human Geneticsca:Haplogrups mitocondrials humans
cs:Haploskupiny lidské mitochondriální DNA es:Haplogrupos de ADN mitocondrial humano
